Unhygienic working conditions: Most industries have unhygienic and unsafe working conditions. Most of the times, there is no medical security from the workplace.
Leave without pay- Employees find it extremely difficult to get leave with pay. The system of maternity leave is also rare in most places. Self-Respect of Employees- Employees are becoming more and more conscious about self-respect. Their Tempers flare when they are insulted or instigated by their superiors.
Their ego hurts very easily. No bonus for employees- Most of the time, extra bonus is not paid, or not paid on time. This causes industrial conflicts. Firing of employees- Sometimes, employees are unfairly relieved from their jobs. Nevertheless, their colleagues unite and fight for the rehiring of their relieved colleagues.
Unrecognition of trade unions- Sometimes, trade unions are not recognized by industries, then it results in strained relations and stress. Replacement of workers — Replacement of Workers by machinery causes discontent. Workers are getting laid off and replaced by cheaper machines that do the same work. Involvement of Political Party- Many industrial disputes are being caused by political parties. Political involvement in trade unions causes divisions and unnecessary tensions.
Dishonest mid-level management- Disputes may also arise due to dishonest mid-level management. This management prevents labourers from contacting senior management and act as middle-men. Lack of communication causes distrust. Also, read- Role of Capital Market in India. Tension among employees- Unrest and unnecessary tensions engulf the hearts and minds of all the people that are involved — labourers and senior management. Conflicts- There is economic loss due to conflicts because conflicts may result in strikes and lock-outs.
This causes low or no production that results in an industrial loss. Industrial losses- Industrial Losses may cause economic depression because many industries are interlinked. A problem in one industry may drastically affect another industry. Joblessness — The lives of low-level laborers become worse when they are out of work.
They may be the only working members of the family, and their joblessness may lead everyone in the family to poverty. Labourers demand that wages should commensurate with the amount of work. Such a demand leads to industrial disputes.
Demand for higher wage-rate is the most dominant cause leading to industrial disputes. Increasing cost of living is another factor responsible for industrial disputes. In order to neutralise it, workers demand additional remuneration in the form of dearness allowance. Rising prices are at the root of demand for dearness allowance and non-acceptance of this demand leads to industrial dispute.
Workers are an important part of production. Profits of the employers multiply because of the untiring labour of the workers. That they should not be treated as a part of machine is the persistent demand of the workers, rather they be considered as partner in production.
On the basis of this concept, they demand share out of the increasing profit. When this profit-sharing demand is rejected by the employers, industrial dispute crops up.
Demand for bonus is also a cause of industrial dispute. Workers consider bonus as deferred wage. Demand for payment of bonus constitutes cause of industrial dispute. In India working conditions of the workers are not satisfactory. Obsolescence of machines, lack of safety provisions, inadequate light arrangement, less moving space, lack of other necessary facilities, are the normal features of industrial units. Demand for better working conditions on the part of the workers also contributes to industrial disputes.
Hours of work is another matter of controversy between employers and workers. Despite legislation to this effect, it is always the intention of the employers to keep the workers engaged for long hours at low wages. It is opposed tooth and nail by the workers. Result is industrial dispute. Success of an organisation depends largely on its managerial capacity.
Growth of the organisation is based on the policies of the management. If the management pursues appropriate policies, development of the industrial unit will be automatic.
But many a time, due to wrong policies of the management, disputes get accentuated. Managerial causes of industrial dispute are as under:. They do not want that labourers should organise themselves. Hence, to prevent the workers from uniting, they refuse to recognise their unions. It leads to conflict between the employers and the workers. In order to create rift among the workers they deliberately recognise the rival union.
Employers and workers do enter into agreements on various issues. On many occasions, the employers do not enforce these agreements nor do they strictly adhere to them.
It also accounts for dispute between the two parties. Managers and supervisors consider themselves to be superior. It is under the influence of this superiority complex that they ill-treat the workers.
The same is vehemently opposed by the trade unions. Defective Recruitment system also gives rise to industrial disputes. Many a time, workers are recruited by the middlemen who get bribe from them. They take undue advantage of the helplessness of the workers. Defective development policies like favoritisms in promotion, unnecessary and biased transfer, casual approach towards training facilities, on the part of employers also contribute to industrial disputes.
Sometimes on account of fall in production labourers are retrenched. Those workers who take active part in trade union activities are demoted. Sometimes employers terminate the services of the workers without assigning any reason. All these provocative acts of the employers are not only strongly opposed by the trade unions but also serve as good cause for industrial disputes. Lack of right and effective leadership weakens the trade unions and the employer class takes advantage of it. In order to serve their selfish ends, these leaders enter into unholy alliance with the employers against the interests of the workers.
Often this also becomes cause of dispute. Code of conduct refers to the terms accepted by both the parties and both the parties are required to abide by it. Employers agree to all the codes on paper but fail to carry them out in practice.
As a result, workers oppose it. In the modern industrial world, labour class is seized with new awakening and is influenced by new concept of management. By collective management they try to protect their interests to the maximum.
The employers oppose it. The inevitable result is industrial dispute. Political causes are no less significant than economic and managerial causes in accounting for industrial disputes. In a country like India, influence of politics on trade unions is clearly visible.
Political parties have been using their influence on trade unions for their selfish ends. Parties mislead the unions and instigate industrial unrest. Ever since trade union movement got recognition, industrial disputes have multiplied. Many a time trade unions take undue advantage of their position and this results into industrial dispute. During the struggle for independence labour-class had taken leading part in it.
Now this class directs its struggle against the government thereby adding fuel to industrial disputes. Other Causes :. Percentage distribution of Industrial Disputes by causes between the period and In the recent years, indiscipline is major reason for industrial disputes. In , the percentage of industrial disputes due to indiscipline was Even that this is the only reason for industrial disputes.
After indiscipline, wages and allowances are the major factor of causing industrial disputes. In and , the percentage of industrial disputes due to wages and allowances was Beside this charter of demand, personnel, bonus etc. Though it initially starts locally, a war has every possibility to engulf the entire humanity, so, industrial disputes may and do occasionally assume proportion affecting the entire economy. Strikes etc. It is like a big stone thrown into a pond causing ever widening waves till the entire pond is engulfed.
The industrial disputes result in huge wastage of man-days and dislocation of production work. Consumers are subjected to untold hardships. If the struck commodity happens to be used in other production operations, then other producers also suffer.
When industrial dispute results in stoppage of work, supply position of the struck commodity becomes grim and prices of that commodity shoot up. However any time spent on strike during the last 3 years of your employment is non-reckonable when calculating the statutory redundancy payment.
Public holiday: You are not entitled to public holiday benefits if you have been absent from work immediately before the public holiday and your absence is due to a strike. If you are on strike, you are not considered unemployed and are not entitled to Jobseeker's Benefit or Allowance. However you may qualify for credits for the duration of the strike. Your family may get Supplementary Welfare Allowance. You won't normally be eligible for an Exceptional Needs Payment if you are involved in a trade dispute or on strike.
However, a dependent adult or dependent child of a person on strike can apply. If you are out of work as a result of a strike for example, you have been laid off , you are in a different position. You may qualify for Jobseeker's Benefit if you are not participating in or directly interested in the trade dispute which caused the stoppage at work.
If you have a question about this topic you can contact the Citizens Information Phone Service on 07 Monday to Friday, 9am to 8pm. You can also contact your local Citizens Information Centre or Request a call back from an information officer. High inflation results in increased cost of living resulting in never-ending demands from unions. Management and Unions have wage agreement generally valid for three years. Each new agreement is preceded by a prolonged battle between managements and unions, often resulting in strikes and lockouts.
Agreement reached in one company will inspire unions in other plants in the locality, and make them pitch tents demanding similar rise in wages. Closely related to wages are bonus, incentives, and other allowances. Of all these, wages have been a major issue of contention that leads to disputes. Union Rivalry Multiplicity of unions leads to inter-union rivalries.
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