Thursday, November 11, The Snapper The Snapper. Scientist Dmitri Mendeleev made many important discoveries and developments for the Periodic Table. Photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons. History Rotting Away: Campus Edition. Feminista Jones as keynote speaker for Hazel I. Jackson lecture. Star Wars comes to Millersville.
Sarah Jackson contributes to dialogue on Critical Race Theory. On 17 February , while arranging his cards in order of atomic weight, he suddenly noticed a repeating pattern, whereby elements with similar properties would appear at regular intervals. He had discovered the phenomenon of periodicity, and it was this discovery that led to the formation of the periodic table we know and use today.
While Mendeleev is best known for his work on the periodic table, in fact his career is notable for the diversity of his interests. Much of his work was very practical and applied, and he attempted to improve the efficiency of various industries.
He also tested fertilisers on his own property, and advocated for fertilisers to be used more widely in agriculture. He wanted to bring scientific knowledge to the common people of Russia, and travelled around the countryside by train — in third class — meeting with peasants and offering scientific advice on their day to day problems such as manuring strategies. Mendeleev was fascinated with shipbuilding and Arctic Maritime navigation, and he wrote over 40 scientific papers on the subject.
He worked with the Russian navy on other matters too — developing his own formula for smokeless gunpowder at their request. In he made a solo ascent in a hot-air balloon, in an attempt to observe a solar eclipse, even though he had never flown a balloon before and had no idea how to land it.
Other achievements included introducing the metric system in Russia, defining the critical temperature of a gas, and determining the nature of solutions. He was also a keen traveller, photographer and collector, and was even known as an excellent manufacturer of luggage. He put his suitcases together using a special bonding glue that he discovered himself whilst researching adhesive substances.
In Dmitri — under pressure from his sister — married a woman named Feozva Leshcheva, and they had two children together, Vladimir and Olga.
It was not a happy marriage, with Dmitri prioritising his work in St Petersburg, and his wife living mainly alone with the children, miles away near Moscow. Mendeleyev remained occupied with scientific activities after leaving his teaching post in He contributed numerous articles to the new Brockhaus Encyclopedia , and in he was named director of Russia's new Central Board of Weights and Measures. He also oversaw multiple reprints of The Principles of Chemistry. He had a combined six children from those two marriages.
In the later years of his career, Mendeleyev was internationally recognized for his contributions to the field of chemistry. He received honorary awards from Oxford and Cambridge, as well as a medal from the Royal Society of London. Mendeleyev died on February 2, At his funeral in St. Petersburg, his students carried a large copy of the periodic table of the elements as a tribute to his work. We strive for accuracy and fairness.
If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Figure 1 D. In , Mendeleev attended the first ever international chemistry conference held in Karlsruhe Germany on September Mendeleev, , pp. Cannizzaro devoted his lecture to the hypothesis formulated by Amadeo Avogardo , Italian physicist, in He also emphasized a necessity to calculate atomic weights of metals more precisely Makarenya, , p.
It resulted in the acceptance of his new atomistic-molecular theory by the chemists in the future. Basic assumptions of this theory Cannizzaro included in his work entitled Sketch of a Course of Chemical Philosophy published in Cannizzaro, On September 7, , in Heidelberg, Mendeleev wrote a long letter to his teacher, Russian chemist Aleksandr Abramovich Voskresenskii , professor of chemistry at St. In February , Mendeleev returned to Russia and gave lectures of the organic chemistry at the university in Petersburg.
In , he began working as a professor in the St. Petersburg Technological Institute. On 12 February, , Mendeleev defended his dissertation and became Doctor of Science. In , he achieved tenure at St. While staying in U. One year later, he received honorary doctorates of two British universities — Oxford and Cambridge Figurovskii, , p.
Scientists agreed that formation of the zero group in the periodic table of elements for the noble gases is necessary Finkelsztejn, Brauner , and professor of the inorganic and analytical chemistry at the Charles University in Prague Figurovskii, , pp. In , the seventh edition of the Principles of Chemistry by Mendeleev, in which the periodic table of elements, contained a separate group of the noble gases Mendeleev, , p.
On September 2, , Mendeleev started to write biographic notes. He concisely described the most important events in his live between and These notes were related to his parents and children, his education and career, surgery of glaucoma in the left eye , and selected holidays spent abroad Mendeleev, , pp. Russian scientist died on the 2 February, , aged 73 years. He was the author of over scientific works in the field of physics, chemistry, and border science — physical chemistry.
Moreover, Mendeleev left several manuscripts. His name is connected not only with the periodic law. Another his discovery was chemical theory of the solutions. His publications are stored in the Museum-Archives at the A.
In , Mendeleev elaborated classification of the chemical elements for the first time. All 63 known elements Mendeleev arranged in a table according to increasing atomic weight. He also left empty places, claiming that they should be fulfilled by undiscovered elements.
In , Mendeleev made a few corrections in his table. He, first of all, defined new locations of indium, cerium, thorium, and uranium. On August 27, , French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran discovered predicated by Mendeleev ekaalumini and named it gallium Brush, , p.
This element was discovered by Swedish chemist Lars Frederic Nilson in and named scandium Brush, , p. Discovery of germanium by German chemist Clemens Alexander Winkler on the 6th February, , decisively confirmed correctness of the periodic table of the elements defined by Mendeleev Brush, , p. Mendeleev predicted its existence. Information on the periodic law. Detailed literature studies in the above period of time made Stephen G. Brush analyzed total books in English American and British published in His analysis of the 76 German and French books published in the years — revealed that a short information on the periodic law appeared in 4 books published between and , six books published in the years — , ten books published in — , and seven — in Brush, , p.
Stephen G. It was found that such an information was two in American and British books published in — Brush found such an information also in 16 books published between and , and in 20 books published in — Brush, , p.
Brush in his article does not inform the reader whose chemical elements concerned these references. Analysis made by Brush revealed that the final year was Assuming that an information about discovery of three unknown elements predicted by Mendeleev, i. It was found that a reference concerned discover of two elements only, i. No information about discovery germanium in was found. Appleton wrote in his book:.
The periodic table has shown gaps in the series of numbers representing atomic weights. To one he gave provisional name eka-aluminium. Now in the element gallium was discovered, and it proved to be predicted eka-aluminium. Earlier information on the discovery of the three elements from Mendeleev's predictions were found by the author of this publication in the British book Thorpe, , p. Summing up, the results of the chemical literature review carried out by Brush indicated that the number of authors mentioning both periodic law and discovery of the new elements predicted by Mendeleev was decreasing during 20 years, i.
Detailed analysis of these data revealed that the most of such an information appeared in the books by the British and American authors, the lowest number appeared in the books written by the French chemists Brush, , pp. They also mentioned successful realization of the predictions in the years — discovery of gallium, scandium, and germanium Armitage, , p.
In , Mendeleev attended celebrations of the th Anniversary of the University in Leiden Netherlands. In August , he attended celebrations of the th Anniversary of the University in Uppsala Sweden. He received their Honorary Doctorate Marsden, , pp. In , Mendeleev visited Berlin to participate in the conference devoted to the th Anniversary of Berliner Prussian Academy of Sciences Figurovskii, , p.
Tilden , pp. Posin and Gordon T. Woods The memory of Mendeleev is always vivid, especially in Russia. In the first decade of the XXI century, two articles were published in English. Their authors describe person and achievements of this eminent chemist. The first article was published under the title D. Mendeleev, being the discoverer of the periodic law and the author of the periodic table of the chemical elements, slowly gained higher publicity in the world of chemistry, since Solov'ev, , pp.
In the years , he was elected as a foreign member of several academies of sciences and scientific associations. On the 5 April, , he became member of the Royal Danish Academy in Copenhagen, and on 18 February he was appointed such a member of the Cracow Academy of Sciences Skvortsov, , p. In , its prove were three medals and membership in the London Chemical Society and Royal Society.
In the Chemical Society elected him an Honorary Member, and in it conferred upon him the highest distinction in its power to award, namely the Faraday Lectureship 6 , with which is associated the Faraday Medal. So far as England is concerned, his services to science received full acknowledgment. It is all the more remarkable, therefore, that he never became a member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences of St.
His article about Mendeleev in the Nature he also inserted to the book entitled Essays in Historical Chemistry.
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